Erosion and abrasion-inhibiting in situ effect of the Euclea natalensis plant of African regions.

This study evaluated the effect of Euclea natalensis gel on the reduction of erosive wear with or without abrasion, in enamel and dentin. During two five-day experimental crossover phases, volunteers (n = 10) wore palatal devices containing human enamel and dentin blocks (E = 8 and D = 8). The gel was applied in a thin layer in the experimental group, and was not applied in the control group. In the intraoral phase, volunteers used the palatal appliance for 12 h before the gel treatment, and were instructed to start the erosive challenges 6 h after the gel application. Erosion was performed with Coca-Cola® (for 5 min) 4 times/day. The appliance was then put back into the mouth and was brushed after 30 minutes. After intraoral exposure, the appliances were removed and the specimens were analyzed using profilometry (mean ± SD, µm). The Euclea natalensis gel caused less wear in enamel in the experimental group (EROS = 12.86 ± 1.75 µm; EROS + ABRAS = 12.13 ± 2.12 µm) than in the control group (EROS = 14.12 ± 7.66 µm; EROS + ABRAS = 16.29 ± 10.72 µm); however, the groups did not differ from each other significantly. A statistically significant value was found for erosion and eros + abrasion in dentin (p = 0.001). Euclea natalensis may play a role in the prevention of dentin loss under mild erosive and abrasive conditions. A clinical trial is required to confirm these promising results in a clinical situation.

Nutritional status, tooth wear and quality of life in Brazilian schoolchildren.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation among nutritional status, tooth wear and quality of life in Brazilian schoolchildren. DESIGN: The study followed a cross-sectional design. Nutritional status was measured via anthropometry using BMI and tooth wear was measured using the Dental Wear Index; both these assessments were carried out by a trained recorder according to standard criteria. A modified version of the Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performances was used to assess quality of life. SETTING: City of Bauru, in Brazil. SUBJECTS: A cluster sample of 396 schoolchildren (194 boys and 202 girls) aged 7-10 years. RESULTS: The anthropometric assessment showed similar situations for both sexes regarding underweight (31·40 % in boys and 30·20 % in girls) and overweight/obesity (33·96 % in boys and 33·17 % in girls). The underweight children showed a greater severity of tooth wear in the primary teeth (OR=0·72; CI 0·36, 1·42), although in the permanent dentition the obese children had a greater severity of tooth wear (OR=1·42; 95 % CI 0·31, 6·55). The tooth wear was correlated with age for both dentitions. CONCLUSIONS: Tooth wear in the primary and permanent dentition may be related to nutritional status. Tooth wear and obesity did not have a significant impact on the schoolchildren's perception of quality of life.

Erosion and abrasion-inhibiting in situ effect of the Euclea natalensis plant of African regions

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of Euclea natalensis gel on the reduction of erosive wear with or without abrasion, in enamel and dentin. During two five-day experimental crossover phases, volunteers (n = 10) wore palatal devices containing human enamel and dentin blocks (E = 8 and D = 8). The gel was applied in a thin layer in the experimental group, and was not applied in the control group. In the intraoral phase, volunteers used the palatal appliance for 12 h before the gel treatment, and were instructed to start the erosive challenges 6 h after the gel application. Erosion was performed with Coca-Cola® (for 5 min) 4 times/day. The appliance was then put back into the mouth and was brushed after 30 minutes. After intraoral exposure, the appliances were removed and the specimens were analyzed using profilometry (mean ± SD, μm). The Euclea natalensis gel caused less wear in enamel in the experimental group (EROS = 12.86 ± 1.75 µm; EROS + ABRAS = 12.13 ± 2.12 µm) than in the control group (EROS = 14.12 ± 7.66 µm; EROS + ABRAS = 16.29 ± 10.72 µm); however, the groups did not differ from each other significantly. A statistically significant value was found for erosion and eros + abrasion in dentin (p = 0.001). Euclea natalensis may play a role in the prevention of dentin loss under mild erosive and abrasive conditions. A clinical trial is required to confirm these promising results in a clinical situation.

Oral manifestations in HIV+ children in Mozambique.

The scope of this study was to identify the prevalence of oral manifestations in HIV+/AIDS patients at the DIA Pediatric Hospital of Maputo. All 90 patients were included in the research. Data on dental caries (dmft/DMFT index), soft tissues and saliva flow were analyzed. Information on diet and hygienic habits was obtained in a semi-structured questionnaire. The t- student and chi-square tests were used for statistical assessment. The most frequent oral lesion was candidiasis (5.5%) and upon further oral examination the prevalence of parotid enlargement was 23.0%. The mean dmft 2.6 (SD 3.6) was considerably higher in relation to DMFT of 0.6 (SD 1.6), and the differences between them were statistically significant (P<0.05). The occurrence of mucosal lesions was higher in children who did not take antiretroviral therapy (ART) (p = 0.026). The use of ART is associated with reduced prevalence of oral lesions in HIV+ patients; however, rampant caries were highest in this group. Primary dentition of HIV+ patients should be considered high risk for caries.

Oral manifestations in HIV+ children in Mozambique / Manifestações orais em crianças HIV, em Moçambique

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a prevalência das manifestações bucais em pacientes HIV+/SIDA do Hospital Pediátrico DIA de Maputo. Foram incluídos 90 pacientes na pesquisa. Cárie dentária (índice ceod/CPOD), mucosa e fluxo salivar foram avaliados. Informações sobre alimentação e hábitos de higiene bucal foram obtidas por meio de um questionário. Para a análise estatística foram utilizados os testes t-student e qui-quadrado. A lesão oral mais frequente foi a candidíase (5,5 por cento) e no exame extra-oral foi observada uma prevalência de alargamento da parótida de 23 por cento. A média do ceod foi 2,6 (± 3,6) dentes, consideravelmente alta em relação ao CPOD que foi de 0,6 (±1,6) dentes, sendo esta diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,05). A ocorrência de lesões na mucosa bucal foi maior em crianças que não faziam uso da terapia antiretroviral (TRA). O uso da TRA esteve associado com a redução da prevalência de lesões bucais em pacientes HIV+, contudo cáries rampantes foram maiores neste grupo. Pacientes HIV+ mostraram maior risco de cáries na dentadura decídua.

The scope of this study was to identify the prevalence of oral manifestations in HIV+/AIDS patients at the DIA Pediatric Hospital of Maputo. All 90 patients were included in the research. Data on dental caries (dmft/DMFT index), soft tissues and saliva flow were analyzed. Information on diet and hygienic habits was obtained in a semi-structured questionnaire. The t- student and chi-square tests were used for statistical assessment. The most frequent oral lesion was candidiasis (5.5 percent) and upon further oral examination the prevalence of parotid enlargement was 23.0 percent. The mean dmft 2.6 (SD 3.6) was considerably higher in relation to DMFT of 0.6 (SD 1.6), and the differences between them were statistically significant (P<0.05). The occurrence of mucosal lesions was higher in children who did not take antiretroviral therapy (ART) (p= 0.026). The use of ART is associated with reduced prevalence of oral lesions in HIV+ patients; however, rampant caries were highest in this group. Primary dentition of HIV+ patients should be considered high risk for caries.

Dental caries in adolescents from public schools in Maputo, Mozambique.

AIM: To assess dental caries prevalence in adolescents at urban and sub-urban areas of Maputo-City, Mozambique and to identify its relationship with dental fluorosis, dental plaque, nutritional status, frequency of sugar consumption and the concentration of fluoride in public water supply. METHODS: Subjects (n=601) were randomly selected from five urban schools and five sub-urban schools. Clinical examinations were performed under standardised conditions by a trained examiner using DMFT index, SiC index, fluorosis index, PHP, BMI, a sugar consumption questionnaire and water supply analysis. The bivariate analysis and Pearson correlation was used (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The mean (DMFT) was 0.9 (+/- 1.65 SD). Children in urban schools showed less dental caries (0.8 +/- 1.49 SD) than children in sub-urban schools (1.1 +/- 1.80 SD, p = 0.03). Only 8.15% had very mild to moderate fluorosis but most presented poor oral hygiene. Cases of malnutrition were found in more sub-urban schools (n=109; 36.22%) than in urban schools (n=66; 22.00%) (p = 0.03). The frequency of sugar consumption was higher among urban children compared to suburban schools (p < 0.00). The level of fluoride in water consumption in urban schools was 0.4 ppmF, above the level of fluoride in sub-urban schools, 0.2 ppmF. CONCLUSION: Dental caries should not be considered a major oral health problem in Maputo at the moment. However the data suggest the implementation of a population strategy to reduce dental caries rates, in children of both urban and sub-urban areas, in Maputo.

Condições de saúde bucal em adolescentes de Maputo, Moçambique / Oral evaluation in adolescents from Maputo, Mozambique

A cárie dentária é um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública dentro das patologias bucais ao nível mundial. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a prevalência de cárie e de fluorose dentária em adolescentes das regiões urbana e suburbana do município de Maputo e identificar a sua associação com placa bacteriana, estado nutricional, frequência do consumo de açúcar e concentração de flúor na água de abastecimento. A amostragem das escolas foi feita por conglomerados, composta por cinco escolas públicas urbanas e cinco suburbanas, tendo com unidades amostrais 601 adolescentes com 12 anos de idade, selecionados aleatoriamente. Os exames foram realizados por um examinador calibrado, sob condições padronizadas, usando índice CPOD, índice de fluorose, PHP e IMC. Foi aplicado um questionário para registrar o consumo de açúcar e foi realizada a análise da água de abastecimento. A análise bivariada foi utilizada para verificar diferenças de CPOD, fluorose, placa bacteriana, estado nutricional, frequência do consumo do açúcar e concentração de flúor na água de abastecimento público entre as regiões urbanas e suburbanas. A Correlação de Pearson foi aplicada para verificar associação entre CPOD e PHP. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. O CPOD encontrado foi 0,99 (± 1,65). As crianças em escolas urbanas apresentaram menor prevalência de cárie dentária (CPOD = 0,84 ± 1,49) em relação às crianças em escolas suburbanas (CPOD = 1,14 ± 1.80) (p = 0,03). Apenas 8,15% apresentaram graus de fluorose entre muito leve a moderada. A maioria das crianças apresentaram higiene bucal deficiente. Os casos de desnutrição foram mais encontrados nas escolas suburbanas (n = 109; 36,22%) do que nas escolas urbanas (n = 66; 22,00%), (p <0,00). A frequência de consumo do açúcar foi maior entre os escolares urbanos em comparação com suburbanos (p <0,00). O nível de flúor na água de consumo nas escolas urbanas foi de 0,4 ppm F, superior ao nível de flúor nas escolas suburbanas, que foi de...

Dental caries is the one of the largest public health problem in oral health worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and dental fluorosis in children from urban and suburban area of the Maputos city and identify its association with dental plaque, nutritional status, frequency of consumption of sugar and the concentration of fluoride in the water supply. Sampling of schools was made by conglomerates, composed by five urban public schools and five suburban, with 601 adolescents 12 years of age, selected randomly. Clinical examinations were performed under standardized conditions by a calibrated examiner using DMFT index, index of fluorosis, PHP, BMI. It was applied a questionnaire about consumption of sugar and was made analysis of water supply. Bivariate analysis was used to verify differences in DMFT, fluorosis, dental plaque, nutritional status, frequency of consumption of sugar and concentration of fluoride in the public water supply between the urban and suburban areas. The Pearson's correlation was applied to verify correlation between DMFT and PHP. The level of significance was set at 5%. The mean DMFT was 0.99 (± 1.65). Children in urban schools had lower prevalence of dental caries (DMFT = 0.84 ± 1.49) in comparison with children in suburban schools with high prevalence (DMFT = 1.14 ± 1.80) (p = 0.03). Only 8.15% had very mild to moderate fluorosis score. Most of children presented poor oral hygiene. Cases of malnutrition were found in most suburban schools (n = 109; 36.22%) than in urban schools (n = 66; 22.00%) (p=0.03). The frequency of sugar consumption was higher among urban children compared to suburban schools (p <0.00). The level of fluoride in water consumption in urban schools was 0.4 ppm F, above the level of fluoride in suburban schools, which was 0.2 ppm F. The results showed that dental caries should not be considered a public health problem in Maputo. The urban and suburban areas...

Condições de saúde bocal em adolescentes de Maputo, Moçambique / oral health conditions in adolescents from maputo, mozambique

A cárie dentária é um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública dentro das patologias bucais ao nível mundial. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a prevalência de cárie e de fluorose dentária em adolescentes das regiões urbana e suburbana do município de Maputo e identificar a sua associação com placa bacteriana, estado nutricional, frequência do consumo de açúcar e concentração de flúor na água de abastecimento. A amostragem das escolas foi feita por conglomerados, composta por cinco escolas públicas urbanas e cinco suburbanas, tendo com unidades amostrais 601 adolescentes com 12 anos de idade, selecionados aleatoriamente. Os exames foram realizados por um examinador calibrado, sob condições padronizadas, usando índice CPOD, índice de fluorose, PHP e IMC. Foi aplicado um questionário para registrar o consumo de açúcar e foi realizada a análise da água de abastecimento. A análise bivariada foi utilizada para verificar diferenças de CPOD, fluorose, placa bacteriana, estado nutricional, frequência do consumo do açúcar e concentração de flúor na água de abastecimento público entre as regiões urbanas e suburbanas. A Correlação de Pearson foi aplicada para verificar associação entre CPOD e PHP. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. O CPOD encontrado foi 0,99 (± 1,65). As crianças em escolas urbanas apresentaram menor prevalência de cárie dentária (CPOD = 0,84 ± 1,49) em relação às crianças em escolas suburbanas (CPOD = 1,14 ± 1.80) (p = 0,03). Apenas 8,15% apresentaram graus de fluorose entre muito leve a moderada. A maioria das crianças apresentaram higiene bucal deficiente. Os casos de desnutrição foram mais encontrados nas escolas suburbanas (n = 109; 36,22%) do que nas escolas urbanas (n = 66; 22,00%), (p <0,00). A frequência de consumo do açúcar foi maior entre os escolares urbanos em comparação com suburbanos (p <0,00). O nível de flúor na água de consumo nas escolas urbanas foi de 0,4 ppm F, superior ao nível de flúor nas escolas suburbanas, que foi de 0,2 ppm F. Os resultados demosntraram que a cárie dentária não deve ser considerada um grande problema de saúde pública em Maputo. As áreas urbanas e suburbanas apresentaram distribuição desigual na prevalência de cárie, estado nutricional e nível de flúor na água de abastecimento, evidenciando a necessidade de intervenção no grupo de maior de risco (AU).

Dental caries is one of the biggest public health problems within oral pathologies worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and dental fluorosis in adolescents from urban and suburban regions of Maputo city and to identify its association with bacterial plaque, nutritional status, frequency of sugar intake and fluoride concentration in the water supply. The schools were sampled by clusters, composed of five urban and five suburban public schools, with 601 12-year-old randomly selected adolescents. The examinations were performed by a calibrated examiner under standardized conditions using CPOD index, fluorosis index, PHP and BMI. A questionnaire was applied to record sugar consumption and the water supply analysis was performed. Bivariate analysis was used to verify differences in DMFT, fluorosis, plaque, nutritional status, frequency of sugar consumption and fluoride concentration in public water supply between urban and suburban regions. Pearson's correlation was applied to verify association between CPOD and PHP. The adopted significance level was 5%. The DMFT found was 0.99 (± 1.65). Children in urban schools had a lower prevalence of dental caries (DMFT = 0.84 ± 1.49) compared to children in suburban schools (DMFT = 1.14 ± 1.80) (p = 0.03). Only 8.15% had fluorosis degrees from very mild to moderate. Most children had poor oral hygiene. Cases of malnutrition were found more in suburban schools (n = 109; 36.22%) than in urban schools (n = 66; 22.00%), (p <0.00). The frequency of sugar consumption was higher among urban students compared to suburban students (p <0.00). The fluoride level in drinking water in urban schools was 0.4 ppm F, higher than the fluoride level in suburban schools, which was 0.2 ppm F. The results showed that dental caries should not be considered a major public health problem in Maputo. Urban and suburban areas showed unequal distribution in the prevalence of caries, nutritional status and fluoride level in the water supply, highlighting the need for intervention in the highest risk group (AU).